Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) encourages critical, analytical, and creative thinking. Hence, the Merdeka Curriculum prioritizes its adoption. Based on previous studies, Indonesian English textbook exams still stress lower-order thinking skills over higher-order cognitive processes. Thus, to analyze the curricular congruence of textbook assessment items, cognitive demands must be examined.…
In language learning, speaking skills are vital for minimizing misunderstandings. However, students in speaking classes often face obstacles, particularly a lack of interaction and incorrect pronunciation. The Topical Review Strategy serves as an interactive instructional technique that can help overcome these challenges and enhance their speaking competence. This study aims to investigate the …
Writing skill is one of the key English language competencies that students need to master. However, students still face various challenges when writing narrative texts, such as a lack of understanding of writing components, limited opportunities for writing practice, a lack of interest in writing, anxiety about writing, and a lack of feedback from the teacher. Therefore, the use of Artificial …
Listening comprehension is one of the essential skills in English language learning, because it requires students to process spoken input and construct meaning simultaneously. However, students` ability to comprehend spoken input is easily disrupted due to excessive smartphone use and smartphone addiction in classroom activities. The habit of prioritizing smartphone and ignoring the real-world …
Writing is the activity of expressing ideas, thoughts, experiences, and information in written form. As one of the most complex language skills, writing requires students to master various linguistic components simultaneously. However, many junior high school students still experience difficulties in writing recount texts. This study aimed to analyze the difficulties faced by eighth-grade stude…
Translation plays an important role in transferring meaning from a source language to a target language so that the message can be understood accurately and naturally. However, students often face difficulties when translating more complex sentence structures, especially compound sentences, which can affect the quality of their translation. This research aims to analyze students’ translation …
Narrative texts are one type of text taught at the junior high school level for reading comprehension, and students still struggle to understand them. Students are still unable to identify the main ideas and follow the entire story. Creating and using effective learning media and employing appropriate teaching strategies can help students overcome these obstacles, making reading activities more…
Reading comprehension is an essential skill in learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). However, many tenth-grade students still have difficulties in comprehending English texts, resulting in low reading achievement. One contributing factor is the minimum use of teaching strategy in the classroom, where teachers often rely on teacher centered. Therefore, this study aims (1) to examine the …
After observing the mid-term test results of the Essay Writing Course, students were still discovered committing errors that were characterized by incomplete rule application, false analogy, overgeneralization, and the application of Indonesian rules and structures. Based on these problems, the writer was interested in investigating the factors of students’ errors, particularly on the sources…
Reading was considered an essential skill in learning English, particularly for understanding narrative texts. However, many ninth-grade students in SMPN 3 Magelang still experienced difficulties due to limited vocabulary, low motivation, and the lack of engaging learning materials. In addition, the available materials were often not closely related to students’ cultural backgrounds, making t…